Radiometer logo

Heart failure

Heart failure – a global health problem.

Heart failure is a chronic life-threatening disorder with acute decompensated phases and a major global health problem, affecting approximately 26 million people worldwide. [1]

Heart failure (HF) is a common disease not only in Europe and the US, but worldwide with a prevalence ranging from 1 to 6.7% according to the countries. [2]

The prevalence of heart failure worldwide is growing due to a variety of factors, such as the aging of the population and the increase of patients being diagnosed with heart failure. Heart failure is a leading cause of hospitalization among adults and the elderly. [3]

Basic ScienceDefinition of heart failure

Heart failure is a complex and progressive clinical syndrome in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the need of the body. 

HF is a progressing condition (chronic) with sudden decompensated phases (acute). The condition of chronic heart failure progresses rapidly. Quick and correct differential diagnosis of this condition is critical. Late or incorrect diagnosis delays the initiation of the appropriate treatment, increasing morbidity and mortality as well as treatment costs. [4]

Disease progression. Clinical course of heart failure  Greenhalgh et al. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders (2017) 17:156

Disease progression. Clinical course of heart failure. Greenhalgh et al. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders (2017) 17:156

 

Basic ScienceDiagnosing heart failure

Diagnosing heart failure is a difficult clinical challenge. The diagnosis is initially based on a physical exam, symptoms and the patient’s medical history.

For an improved diagnosis (confirmation or exclusion) of heart failure, tests such as ECG, chest X-ray, echocardiography, and heart failure biomarkers, such as natriuretic peptides, have proven useful.


In the non-acute setting:

According to 2016 ESC guidelines, the plasma concentration of natriuretic peptides (NPs) can be used as an initial diagnostic test when echocardiography is not immediately available: NT-proBNP < 125 pg/ml = HF unlikely

In the acute setting:
The same algorithm can be used, but with higher values as a cut off: NT-proBNP < 300 pg/mL = HF unlikely


According to those same guidelines, upon presentation to the emergency department or coronary care unit (CCU)/ intensive care unit (ICU), a measurement of NT-proBNP is recommended in all patients with acute dyspnea and suspected acute heart failure (AHF) to help in the differentiation of AHF from non-cardiac causes of acute dyspnea. [5] 

Adapted from 2016 ESC guidelines  ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure.  Eur Heart J doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw128

Adapted from 2016 ESC guidelines. ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw128

 

Basic ScienceBiomarkers in heart failure

As previously mentioned, natriuretic peptides (both BNP and NT-proBNP) are incorporated into clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis of heart failure as published by the American College of Cardiology, the American Heart Association, the Heart Failure Society of America, and the European Society of Cardiology [5-6].

Used in conjunction with other clinical information, rapid measurement of natriuretic peptides, such as NT-proBNP, in the emergency department has improved evaluation, triage  and treatment of patients with acute dyspnea, reducing the time to discharge and the total cost of treatment [7].

Other applications of natriuretic peptides:

  • NT-proBNP is a valuable marker for predicting prognosis and severity of coronary artery disease in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). [8]

  • Canadian guidelines suggest that measurement of BNP or NT-proBNP in patients hospitalized for HF should be considered before discharge, because of the prognostic value of these biomarkers in predicting rehospitalization and mortality. [9]

  • Patients who attain a significant reduction in NT-proBNP have a lower subsequent rate of cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization. [10]

  • NT-proBNP could be used as a marker of HF severity in patients who are taking ARNi therapy. [11]

  • Serial brain natriuretic peptide measurements are helpful in guiding the length and intensity of heart failure therapies. [12]

Besides natriuretic peptides and troponins, other biomarkers including those of inflammation, oxidative stress, neurohormonal activation and matrix remodeling, have been evaluated for their prognostic value in heart failure too.

Assessment of procalcitonin levels may be considered in patients with acute heart failure with suspected coexisting infection, particularly for the differential diagnosis of pneumonia and to guide antibiotic therapy [3].

Learn more about how the cardiac biomarker NT-proBNP can aid in diagnosing heart failure.


References

1. Ambrosy PA et al., JACC Vol. 63, no 12, 2014:1123–1133
2. Savarese G., Lund LH, Cardiac Failure Review 2017;3(1):7–11
3. Anh L. Bui, Tamara B. Horwich, and Gregg C. Fonarow, Epidemiology and risk profile of heart failure
4. What is heart failure - http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HeartFailure/AboutHeartFailure/What-is-Heart-Failure_UCM_002044_Article.jsp
5. Eur J Heart Fail. 2016 Aug; 18(8):891-975
6. JACC Vol. 70, no 6, 2017:776-803
7. Moe GM et al. Circulation. 2007; 115:3103-3110
8.  Radwan H., Selem A., Ghazal K. Value of N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide in predicting prognosis and severity of coronary artery disease in acute coronary syndrome. J Saudi Heart Assoc. 2014;26(4):192–198. 
9. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 2015; 31: 3-16
10. Zile MR et al., JACC  Vol. 68, no 22, 2016: 2425-36
11. McKie PM et al., JACC  Vol. 68, no 22, 2016: 2437-39
12. Januzzi JL, Troughton R , Circulation  2013 Jan 29;127(4):500-7.

Cookies are used on this website

Use of cookies
Confirm your account with Radiometer

Please enter a valid email

CONTINUE
By submitting your e-mail you agree to the data policy notice
Radiometer is using Microsoft Azure Active Directory to authenticate customer access. If you are already registered you will be taken to Microsoft AD to sign in using your Microsoft AD credentials.
You are already registered
Radiometer is using Microsoft Azure AD to authenticate customer access. If you are already registered you will be taken to AZURE to sign in using your AZURE credentials.
Thank you

We will be sending an e-mail invitation to you shortly to sign in using Microsoft Azure AD.

Radiometer is using Microsoft Azure AD to authenticate customer access.
Sorry

It seems that your e-mail is not registered with us

Radiometer is using Microsoft Azure AD to authenticate customer access. If your e-mail is not registered with us please click CONTINUE and we will guide you through the sign-in process.
We have previously sent an invitation by e-mail

Please click "Get started" in the e-mail to complete the registration process

Radiometer is using Microsoft Azure AD to authenticate customer access.
Sorry

We were not able to process your request due to a communication error

Sorry

It seems this account has not been given access to the portal

Radiometer is using Microsoft AZURE Active Directory to authenticate users

Radiometer uses Azure AD to provide our customers and partners secure access to documents, resources, and other services on our customer portal.

If your organization is already using Azure AD you can use the same credentials to access Radiometer's customer portal.

Key benefits

       
  • Allow the use of existing Active Directory credentials
  • Single-sign on experience
  • Use same credentials to access future services

Request access

You will receive an invitation to access our services via e-mail when your request has been approved.

When you accept the invitation, and your organization is already using AZURE AD, you can use the same credentials to access Radiometer's customer portal. Otherwise, a one-time password will be sent via e-mail to sign in.

Effective Date January 20th, 2023 (last updated January 20th, 2023)

ABOUT THIS POLICY

Radiometer values your privacy and the protection of your personal data. This policy (“Policy”) explains how Radiometer its affiliates, subsidiaries or related companies, a full list of which can be located here (together, “Radiometer”, “our”, “us”, or “we”), collects, uses, shares, transfers and processes data collected from or about you.


Personal Data” is any information that can be used to directly or indirectly identify an individual or that can be reasonably expected to link to an individual. This can include items such as name, address, telephone number, credit card details, email address, ID number, Internet Protocol (“IP”) address of an electronic device used by an individual, or other identifying code (even absent of other identifying information). Statistical and non-identifiable metric data are not considered Personal Data.

The Radiometer subsidiary, affiliate or related company with which you interact is, where applicable, the data controller (or equivalent under applicable law) responsible for the processing of your Personal Data. You can find a list of the relevant legal entities that act as data controllers in Appendix 1 to this Policy.

SCOPE

This Policy describes the types of Personal Data that we may collect, process or disclose about you and how you may govern this processing by exercising applicable legal rights. This Policy applies to both online and offline information collection, including your use of websites or subdomains operated by us, any mobile applications, when we provide products and/or services to you or notify you about prospective items of interest and in other situations where you interact with us in-person, by telephone or by mail where this Policy is posted or referenced.


There may be occasion where you have been provided with a circumstance-specific privacy notice that is separate from this policy, such as privacy notices for specific activities such as Recruitment. To the extent you were provided with a different notice, those notices apply and govern our interactions with you. If you provide Personal Data about parties other than yourself, you are responsible for ensuring their knowledge of how we will process their personal data, and, where applicable, obtaining any necessary consents required in advance.

We are committed to processing Personal Data in accordance with applicable laws. Please note that if you do not wish to provide your Personal Data to us, some products and/or services may become unavailable to you. Your use of any or all these platforms indicates you have been notified of our collection, use, transfer, and disclosure of your information as described in this Policy to the extent permitted by applicable law.

Read more